3Ds - Start by removing dead, damaged, diseased, crossing or congested stems.

Shorten vertical watershoots by 1/2 - Cut at 45 degrees 5mm above an outwards facing bud.

Goblet shape - Aim to create an open-centred goblet shaped tree.

Create horizontal stems - Fruits appear on or near to horizontal stems only.

Don’t cut fruiting spurs - Fruiting spurs have a fluffier and scalier appearance than the flowering buds (see image), be careful not to remove the fruiting spurs unless necessary.

Prune evenly - stepping away from the tree to get a view of the whole tree regularly.

10 - 20% - Aim to remove 10-20% of the canopy in the winter prune.

Avoid taking very large and very small cuts, as well as the watershoots stems around 1-5cm diameter should usually be the target.

Rake off loose debris.

Remove weeds and undesired plants completely.

Dig over and remove roots etc, until soil is clear and easy to dig down to the depth of one spit.

Dig in the compost using one bag per meter squared.

Leave the tool you were using and no longer need with the other tools.

Never keep hand tools in trugs as these can very easily end up on the compost heap/ in the tip.

Stack plant pots rather than thrown onto the ground after planting

Be wary of muddy boots and walking over lawns and paving.

Aim to reduce soil spilling over edges. Brush back onto the bed before it is trodden into paving/ lawn

Identify the type of rose - Before pruning it is important to identify the type of rose you are dealing with.

3 Ds - Begin pruning with the removal of all dead, diseased and damaged stems leaving a network of healthy stems to work with.

Cut at a 45-degree angle - Always make cuts at a 45-degree angle facing away from the buds approximately 5mm above the bud.

Goblet shape - Be mindful of the eventual shape of the rose when pruning, in most cases this is an open centred goblet shape. Prune to an outward facing node.

Crossing or rubbing - Prune crossing or rubbing stems to prevent damage and disease.

Deadheading - Deadhead regularly whenever spent flowerheads appear, cut above 2 leaflet stems from main structure.